This Article presents the case against genetic enhancement. It begins with a critique of Fukuyama's highly publicized work on enhancement. It then reconstructs the case for regulation, arguing that enhancement will undermine the most basic and universal sources of meaning and well-being in human life. The Article pays special attention to the law and economics scholarship, holding that the economic method will not detect certain types of harm to the human genome. The essay concludes with a policy solution that will preserve the benefits of genetic therapy while avoiding the harms of genetic enhancement.

The Article highlights the language of the digital and the principle of modularization as the basic concepts which the further development of the information environment will have to pivot around, regardless of how conflicts between freedom and control are temporarily solved. Perceiving both the computer and the Internet as complex systems, the authors look at how modular design of these systems freed the functionality of applications from the physicality of infrastructures, describe the evolutionary gains adhering to modularity, and how to preserve them - elaborating on the issues of access to the cable platform for broadband Internet and to virtual networks for computer technology. Their second focus shows how digitalization of information makes possible the merger of content and its protection. Especially through the use of DRM systems, private actors can create right enforcement mechanisms independent of the State. The legal system therefore faces new and more complex relations between private will and public sovereignty. In such a merged system it is harder to maintain freedom - much like in the fusion of function and infrastructure.

This analysis describes the radical transformations in pharmaceutical intellectual property protection in Argentina during the 1990s. Most importantly, it highlights the consequences of the use by the United States of unilateral trade weapons to pressure Argentina to adopt certain standards in this field. The enforcement or threatened enforcement of Section 301 of the US Trade Act, along with GSP restrictions, have proven to be controversial tools in protecting US interests abroad, as is demonstrated by the Argentine case. Some positive results were achieved for United States' interests but the United States created at the same time negative implications by pressuringf or more protection in a shorter time than is mandated under TRIPs: in other words, requiring "TRIPs-Plus" standards. The conclusions of this paper could prove useful when analyzing similar cases over remaining TRIPs "transitional period" years in developing and least developed countries regarding the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights.

RIDER TO STUDENT NOTE: PRIVACY WARS IN CYBERSPACE: AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEGAL AND BUSINESS TENSIONS IN INFORMATION PRIVACY

This Note examines how architecture, and particularly the design and coding of software on the Internet, helps shape social norms. The Note makes two points about architecture and norms. First, architectural decisions affect what norms evolve and how they evolve. By allowing or facilitating certain types of behavior and preventing others, architecture can promote the growth of norms. On the flip side, architecture not tailored to promote certain positive norms of cooperation or compliance with the wishes of the designer (or in some cases the law) may allow the growth of antisocial norms. Second, because design decisions affect behavior directly as well as indirectly through norms, software engineers must recognize the regulatory function of the code they create. Although online architecture can promote productive social norms, design decisions can also create a backlash by fostering the development of norms that work against the sort of behavior the code is written to promote. The Note begins by describing how architecture works to regulate behavior in the physical world, examines the leading theories of social norm development, and explores the intersection of architecture and norms. The latter part of the Note transposes the general theory of architecture and norms to the Internet world, first describing the particular features of the Internet-anonymity, dispersion, and the free flow of information-that make the process of norm development different in cyberspace than in physical space, and then turning to two examples, online auctions and digital music, to show how software engineers have effectively and ineffectively used code to promote the development of social norms.

Mr. Slate's article considers the likely effects of the patent term adjustment provisions of the American Inventors Protection Act. Contrary to popular expectations, Mr. Slate argues that the Act's term adjustment provisions will have little practical effect on most practitioners' work.

In this speech, the Honorable Lewis A. Kaplan discusses one problem in the legal system created by advances in technology - the tension between the privacy interests of litigants and the increased availability of information in modern society. Although openness is a central tenet of the legal system, until recent advancements in information technology, significant logistical difficulties in obtaining records on all but the most notable cases made most information unavailable to the public. However, advances in technology have greatly facilitated access to the universe of legal doents. Judge Kaplan explores the potential consequences of increased availability of information in a number of contexts and argues that it imposes an important responsibility on Courts to rethink the boundaries between public and private in litigation and to exercise increased caution in dealing with processes that touch on these boundaries.

Paulina Borsook, high-tech cultural commentator and author of Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp Through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech, discusses Silicon Valley's paradoxical "technolibertarian" attitude towards the government and the Big Capital Establishment who made the meteoric rise of the technology industry possible. Borsook, in deconstructing the myth of the freewheeling Silicon Valley technogogue, exposes the fragile connections between the Randian pretensions of today's near-religious egotism and the genuinely libertarian fringe from the salad days of the Internet.

Ten years ago, the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee built its own high-speed Internet network, and today Chattanooga's publicly owned Internet infrastructure (''public broadband" or "municipal broadband'? is faster and more affordable than almost anywhere else in the world. In this Article, I make the case for why other communities currently underserved by private broadband providers should consider building their own high-speed broadband networks and treating Internet as an essential public service akin to water or electricity, and I explore means by which these communities can overcome the legal and political hurdles they may face along the way.

As artificial intelligence and big data analytics increasingly replace human decision making, questions about algorithmic ethics become more pressing. Many are concerned that an algorithmic society is too opaque to be accountable for its behavior. An individual can be denied parole or credit, fired, or not hired for reasons that she will never know and which cannot be articulated. In the public sector, the opacity of algorithmic decision making is particularly problematic, both because governmental decisions may be especially weighty and because democratically elected governments have special duties of accountability.